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Archive for the ‘Chesapeake’ Category

The JPMorgan Chase CEO deserves every dollar of his recent pay raise.  That statement places us at odds with most commentators. Marketwatch’s David Weidner just published a piece whose headline uses the phrase “mocks accountability” to describe the raise. Forbes bashed not only the CEO but also an “ineffective board” in its article a few days prior to Weidner’s. Other negative opinions were expressed in such disparate places as The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times.

Few of these headlines point out that the board had previously, almost a year ago, halved Mr. Dimon’s compensation to $11.5 million from about $22 million in the “London Whale’s” wake. So while his recent raise looks enormous, he is still making less than he was before. But whether we call it a pay raise or a smaller pay cut from his highest compensation, I believe this current increase was deserved for the following reasons.

First, as noted in a post on this blog at the time the “Whale” surfaced, Mr. Dimon tackled the problem of his rogue London trader within days. He very quickly dismissed both the individual trader and the head of the London hedging operation, went public without excuses on the $6 Billion loss, and tightened the reins of that operation.

Other problems that faced JPMorgan Chase were problems that crossed multiple banks: Libor rate setting, foreign currency exchange rates and mortgage packages. You can be sure that the Libor and foreign exchange rate fixing, the collusion of personnel across multiple banks in multiple countries, was not out in the open for their respective CEOs to observe. As for the mortgage securities, we have all too easily forgotten that at the peak of the financial meltdown in September 2008, the federal government seized Washington Mutual and sold it to JPMorgan Chase. These were not securities that Dimon’s operation created.

Following the exposure of the “Whale,” Mr. Dimon acted swiftly on each of these problems, cooperated fully with all investigations, worked to settle with the government and initiated programs to develop and implement additional controls. The same was true when one of his department’s involvement in the Madoff scandal came to light.

As for the board, they acted quickly and publicly to slam Mr. Dimon’s compensation last year. They reportedly argued strongly over this most recent compensation adjustment. I find those to be healthy signs of an involved board.

Contrast this with Aubrey McClendon and the board of Chesapeake Energy, the company who gave us fracking. Mr. McClendon treated the company as his own fiefdom long after it went public. He leveraged his operation as much as he could and when gas prices came down he was caught short. The board did nothing until it was too late, primarily because the board had been filled with McClendon’s friends.

Over a ten month period Mr. Dimon has settled each of the issues for the bank, while still making healthy profits and delivering shareholders a strong improvement in share price. In every case Dimon has directed his team to examine internal processes and strengthen them. He has not hesitated to remove personnel, which is a key to strengthening internal corporate culture.

In short, Mr. Dimon is exactly what you want in a professional executive and he deserves every dollar. His board also deserves more credit than they have been getting.

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The Wrapper On 2012

What a year it was. I started this blog and its associated Twitter account, @ethicsbite, in March and since that time have covered and commented on an amazing number of stories. When I scroll down the list of tweets I realize first hand the extent of ethically questionable (and many times illegal) corporate behavior in our country. Ponzi schemes, insider trading, money laundering and (in the UK) phone hacking are among the illegal. Providing financial advice to clients while your own firm profits by the reverse position is unprofessional. Manipulating the rate determination for an international banking benchmark is likely a violation of regulations. I’ll stop there as the full list would no doubt cause my readers to move on. So we’ll switch to sex.

The Petraeus sex scandal seemed to dominate the corporate ethics news at the end of the year. The New York Times story regarding Walmart’s Mexico operations was more significant in scale.  But all of that was eclipsed by juicy, titillating tales from Washington, Tampa and Afghanistan.

2012 Awards

In addition to being amazed at the plethora of unethical activity, I have marveled at the crassness of the people involved. One has to wonder how they would explain their actions to Mom.

In terms of sheer and utter crassness, the 2012 award truly has to go to the News of the World, whose employees allegedly hacked into the cell phone of a young British girl who had disappeared, then proceeded to delete some of the messages on her cell phone so they could capture potential new incoming messages. Her parents detected that something was going on and informed the police. That case led to the demise of one Rebekah Brooks, a Rupert Murdoch “protégé” and the editor of News of the World. Ms. Brooks and her husband’s relationship with David Cameron, the British Prime Minister, tainted 10 Downing Street and created a political situation that could not be ignored. As the investigation continued, Rupert found himself testifying at Parliament and Ms. Brooks was formally charged in May, together with her husband and four others, with conspiring to interfere with the investigation. She allegedly attempted to carry off the evidence in boxes she took out of News of the World’s offices. Moreover it has turned out that phone hacking may have been a relatively common tool at News of the World as close to 200 individuals, many of them celebrities and political figures, have filed suit over the hacking of their personal cell phones. News of the World was shut down by Mr. Murdoch and he subsequently re-organized the News Corp. entity.

A close second place in crassness would be Chesapeake Energy’s founder, Aubrey McClendon. Mr. McClendon showed little bounds in his use of the company’s money and making a name for himself with it. From such relatively small amounts as corporate payment of his personal staff (to be reimbursed at year end without interest on the amounts advanced) to the millions of dollars he authorized be invested in a local NBA team and the construction of a shopping mall that just happened to have eateries owned by Mr. McClendon, the CEO continually used corporate funds to “match” expenditures from his personal wealth to foster his interests. Chesapeake by this time was a publicly held company traded on the NASDAQ and the CEO’s use of money in this manner should have been overseen by the Board. But as is often the case, the Board was beholding to the CEO.  Chesapeake’s stock fell on bad times (from around $34 on 8/1/2011 to around $17 on 12/14/2012), four new independent board members were elected and McClendon was stripped of his Chairman title. But those who paid the cost were the shareholders, of course.

What Will We See In 2013?

Here are our predictions: Rebekah Brooks will go to trial. JPMorgan will further increase its reserve for bad trades by “The Whale.” No one in the investment banking industry will go to jail for anything other than insider trading. Goldman Sachs will continue to be bad. The global economy will continue to improve. Slowly. More dirt will come out regarding Walmart’s non-US operations. Somewhere in the US a bank will go under.

And there will be at least one big sex scandal.

As the French say, “the more things change, the more they stay the same.”

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Libor

JPMorgan Chase may be facing inquiries from up to eleven different government agencies regarding its role in the Libor rate setting scandal.

The managing director of the U.K.’s Financial Services Authority stated last week that the Libor “is no longer fit for purpose.” He is pushing for it to be replaced with alternative indices. The Reuters article implies that other indices used in commodities and stocks may also be “under scrutiny.” This will surely be grist for the mill in the courthouse where lawsuits are already being filed from plaintiffs who believe their Libor based interest rates were calculated incorrectly. It also raises the question of legitimacy on any existing contract that is Libor based. This one is going to go on for a long time with many interesting and significant repercussions.

Standard Chartered

Standard Chartered is a great name for a UK bank, isn’t it? The name just feels old, stable, conservative…. all the things you would want in a bank. Now the New York State Department of Financial Services has a hotshot young regulator who is threatening to revoke Standard Chartered’s “charter” to operate in New York on the basis that the bank allegedly laundered $250 BILLION-with-a-B for Iran through its New York branch.

Goldman

Goldman Sachs has escaped prosecution by the Justice Department for its actions related to packaging mortgages and reselling them as collateralized debt. The feds felt they didn’t have enough evidence to win the case. Sigh.

NewsCorp

News Corporation announced a $1.6 Billion-with-a-B LOSS for the most recent fiscal quarter, primarily a result of write-downs related to the restructuring of its businesses around the world. That restructuring was announced following the phone hacking scandal at News of the World in London which has resulted in Murdoch’s protege Rebekah Brooks being formally charged in criminal court. However there have also been significant charges related to restructuring initiatives underway in the company’s Australian businesses.

Chesapeake Energy

Chesapeake, the scandal that keeps on giving future case studies, was in the news first for being served subpoenas in a US anti-trust probe and then for facing financial challenges in selling its Michigan properties, which are the subject of said investigation.

Facebook

The Facebook saga continues as a lower price for its stock is causing the company to face significant challenges. Key personnel have been leaving for new opportunities, a possible sign of loss of faith in the company’s further upside potential. The company faces a $3 BILLION tax bill springing from its extensive employee stock plan. At the same time, shares that had been acquired on the private market pre-IPO will soon be able to be traded on the public market. Welcome to the real world. They obviously didn’t learn any lessons from GE which makes billions in profit without paying a dime in federal taxes. Facebook got it backwards – are they making any profits at all and yet have a billion dollar tax bill? No wonder I need a CPA to put my return together.

Knight Trading

Knight Capital Group Inc. announced that its after-tax losses on its trading glitch could amount to $270 million. Good Night.

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Fourth of July:  I took a break the week of July 4th and enjoyed family, friends and the traditions of America.

Then we all got back to work and it appears that some of that work was once again of an unethical nature.

GlaxoSmithKline paid a record $3 Billion-with-a-B in civil and criminal penalties for marketing several drugs for unapproved purposes, which is sometimes referred to as “off prescription.” The conduct was characterized in the media as “fraudulent.”

In the on-going Chesapeake Energy saga, news sources revealed that Chesapeake and Encana may have colluded on setting prices for land deals in Michigan. In other words, the people who owned the land did not receive competitive bids from the two companies.

JPMorgan Chase restated a prior quarter’s results, due to the losses in its London hedging unit. When this story first broke, CEO Jamie Dimon said the losses were $2 Billion. That number has progressively been increased ever since. Now they are restating Q1 results to cover a $4.4 Billion loss and are recognizing that the total may exceed $7 Billion. My bet is we aren’t done yet.

Penn State dealt with the Freeh report which portrayed legendary coach Joe Paterno as part of the cover-up of Sandusky’s actions.

But all of those, significant as each may be, were totally eclipsed by one single word: Libor.

More on that in the next post.

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Chesapeake Energy:

Chesapeake’s Board of Directors named Archie Dunham, former CEO of Conoco, as their new Chairman, removing co-founder Aubrey McClendon from that role. Soon after, Dunham made it clear that Chesapeake needs to continue to sell off assets thereby raising cash. In the meantime, news surfaced that CEO McClendon may have violated anti-trust laws by allegedly sending emails related to bid prices on land for future drilling.

JPMorgan Chase:

Remember a previous post titled “Black Holes?” As predicted then, the hedge unit’s loss at JPMorgan continues to grow. Now reportedly at $ 9 BILLION-with-a-B dollars. Slightly more than the original $ 2 Billion.

News Corp:

Rupert Murdoch is apparently considering splitting News Corp. in two. The split would separate the entertainment business from the publishing business thereby cushioning shareholders who are primarily investing in the entertainment businesses from suffering the effects of the scandal going on in the publishing business. That scandal involves cell phone hacking allegations against the News of the World organization in London.  The company’s board quickly approved of Rupert’s wish. Hmmm.

Goldman Sachs:

No action against them, but the SEC is reportedly filing a civil law suit against a hedge fund manager for allegedly giving favorable treatment to some investors. Goldman was one of the names that allegedly received special treatment. The hedge fund is Harbinger Capital Partners LLC of Wall Street.

Facebook’s IPO:

The SEC opened an investigation into the NASDAQ stock exchange which was unable to effectively process the large number of trades on the stock’s opening day.

And Finally…..Madoff:

Remember Bernie? His brother Peter was planning to plead guilty while at the same time insisting that he did not know about his brother’s massive fraud. ….. sure.

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When the Chesapeake story first hit the news I asked why their CEO, who was reportedly lining up over $ 1 BILLION-with-a-B in personal loans, could need so much money? This week a detailed special report from Reuters tracked not only what CEO McClendon has been doing with all that money but how intertwined his personal business and aspirations are with the company’s business. To finance his own personal spending and investments, including a house in Bermuda and investments in company wells, McClendon borrowed heavily and mortgaged everything so that he could own more. Hence the constant need for more personal cash.

He ran the company the same way (noted in one of my prior posts), borrowing against existing drilling sites to finance the acquisition of more leases and properties that could be drilled. In essence the company was always using more cash per year than it was producing from ongoing operations. In spite of that, CEO McClendon made decisions and received personal benefits that required significant amounts of corporate cash according to the Reuters report.

For example, McClendon made continual use of company funds to provide himself with a group of assistants who worked on everything from his personal accounting needs to arranging for repairs to his personal residence. These individuals were on the Chesapeake payroll and McClendon was to repay the company for that expense at the end of each year. In essence he had a zero interest working capital loan from the company for the salaries of a staff that managed his personal, non-Chesapeake related business.

He also, as do many CEOs, had access to corporate jets. But McClendon and his family used these jets extensively, thereby receiving a significant amount of additional executive compensation totally at his own discretion.

McClendon also decided to invest Chesapeake profits in revitalization projects for Oklahoma City, including a shopping center across the street from the company’s campus. Two restaurants in that center just happened to be part owned by McClendon. According to Reuters, the shopping center, Classen Curve, did not even appear as a footnote in the company’s financial statements.

As CEO he decided that Chesapeake should invest in the Oklahoma City pro basketball team, the same team that he personally owned part of. He then used his personal ownership interest in the team as collateral for loans that provided cash to maintain his personal quest for more. By deciding as CEO that the company should have its name on the team’s stadium and purchase a large block of tickets every year, he essentially paid himself, an owner of the team, with company funds.

In short, Aubrey McClendon appears to have had a big ego and desire to be a city father, and he used the company’s funds to support that ambition. He has been unable to distinguish between himself and the company, thereby placing his co-owners, the shareholders, at a much greater level of risk than most of them probably assumed they were exposed to.

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A four day week and relatively quiet.

Chesapeake Energy – Where the money has gone:

A comprehensive analysis from Bloomberg claims that the company will run out of cash sometime next year unless it disposes of more assets. The company has been investing for some time in new wells faster than the cash from existing operations was coming in the door. CEO McClendon has a 2.5% interest in these wells and had to put up his share of well development costs in advance of revenues also. Thus it appears that the company and its CEO are financially over leveraged and the driver is not the share price of CHK but the low price of natural gas on the market. Chesapeake may have lead the way to its own demise as it pioneered the use of the controversial fracturing technology for drilling. Others adopted that technology and natural gas is at a low as supplies have risen.

Other news on Chesapeake: Carl Icahn accumulated over 7% of the company and is demanding representation on the board, which he usually does in these situations. A major New York pension fund has declared itself opposed to two current board members that are up for re-election in June.

Facebook has lost over 20% of its share price since going public last Friday.

News of the World – Former editor and recent PM confidant Andy Coulson was arrested on perjury charges in the phone hacking scandal.

Recent Quotes – Last week Goldman Sach’s Director of Asset Management Jim O’Neill said: “Is it really that entirely desirable to have financial stability at the expense of everything else?” This statement demonstrates three things: (1) Mr. O’Neill sees financial stability as a roadblock to “everything else” – a false choice; (2) he sees financial stability as undesirable; and (3) he doesn’t understand how important financial stability is to the other 7 BILLION-with-a-B people on this planet. I suggest he try making it on a minimum wage for a year so he can experience first hand the importance of financial stability.

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A bank, an IPO and an Oil & Gas Driller all potentially have that one key characteristic of the astronomical black hole – a massive implosion sucking everything close enough to them into the abyss.

First the bank — JPMorgan Chase

This week’s news included the analysis that the hedging unit which lost $ 2 BILLION-with-a-B dollars of asset value faces a loss that is growing and likely to continue to grow. Most recent estimates are around $5 BILLION. Recall that when this story first broke, there was a total bet… uh, I mean trade, on the table of around $100 Billion in the “risky” category. Now that the whole world knows the situation, you can bet…. uh, I mean trade, on the prospect that there will be no takers on the other side should the bank try to unwind its position. Do you see the black hole now?  So if a 2 to 5 percent loss in this position wipes out about $20 Billion of shareholder value in JPMorgan Chase then what would a 50% loss do? Poof. No more bank. And who could possibly come to the rescue in order to prevent the next world wide financial meltdown? Hmmm.

And by the way, remember how banks can regulate themselves? It turns out that the 3 JPMorgan Chase directors who had responsibility for risk evaluation and the oversight thereof don’t really have the experience to do that. One is the head of a museum.

Ethical Analysis: As commented on in earlier posts, fiduciary responsibility to one’s shareholders – F; professional codes of ethics for financial advisors – F; adherence to the ethical expectations of the investing public and general citizenry – F.

Next the IPO – Facebook, Morgan Stanley, the NASDAQ

Before its IPO, Facebook was heralded as the largest IPO ever. Now it may be a major IPO bust, with stock hitting its peak on the day of the IPO and down since. The NASDAQ apparently could not keep track of all the individual investor trades, with news in the past two days that some of those investors had money removed from their account to support the purchase but found no shares of FB appearing in their account to reflect that purchase. Morgan Stanley is planning to dole out millions of its underwriting fees to those investors. How long do you think it will be before Morgan sues the exchange? In the meantime, Facebook is considering a move off the NASDAQ to a competing exchange and everyone seems to be questioning the company’s valuation. Then there is the allegation that the underwriters went forward with the IPO even though new financial data was bringing the IPO price into question. Not to mention that only some (I believe they were at first called “preferred”) potential investors were informed of this news. How do you spell SEC?

Morgan Stanley and the NASDAQ have big black eyes over this one, but with a likely SEC investigation, shareholder lawsuits already launched and the prospect of continued sell-off in the shares, this mess can only get bigger, nastier and more expensive.

Ethical Analysis: My jury is still out on Facebook, although their leadership clearly consented to go forward with the IPO in spite of changing financial data. NASDAQ appears thus far to be an operational blunder. Morgan Stanley and the underwriting team may have broken securities laws, certainly didn’t maintain a level playing field for the retail investors and should have delayed the IPO for few days. I would give them an F in meeting the ethical expectations of investors and in conducting a professional financial underwriting operation.

Finally the Oil and Gas Driller – Chesapeake Energy

The major news this week was that Carl Icahn is/has accumulated over 4% of the shares of Chesapeake. Also, two of the nine board members are up for re-election at the annual shareholders meeting in early June.

So why do I consider this one a potential black hole?

Where is the money? All that money that founder and CEO Aubrey McClendon borrowed from various entities using his personal interest in company wells totals to somewhere well north of $ 1 Billion-with-a-B dollars. At one point (2008) he even got the company to buy his map collection for $12 million in addition to paying him an annual bonus of $75 million. Where is all this cash going? The guy seems to have an amazing appetite for cash. That tells me that something is going on behind the curtain. His investment (and the company’s too, of course) in the Oklahoma City Thunder pro basketball team isn’t nearly enough to account for all these loans.Maybe it’s his hedge fund that he’s been running out of his CEO offices at Chesapeake. Maybe he has personal margin calls on his stock in the company. I don’t know and nothing has been coming out in the press.  What I do know is that there is another big piece of this story that is yet to come out and that Chesapeake’s investments and Mr. McClendon’s appear very much intertwined.

The potential black hole has similarities with the one that took down Skilling, Fastow and all of the Enron shareholders and employees. It is related to the value of the company’s shares which have fallen with the abundance of natural gas. In Enron’s case, there were off balance sheet liabilities that were tied up in deals with Fastow’s friends. Those deals started to unravel when the stock dropped below a certain value. I’m not saying that’s the mechanism involved here, but I am saying that McClendon’s personal need for cash accelerated as Chesapeake’s share value went down, a sign that he is over leveraged somewhere in his financial picture. The company may be as well, since almost everything that the CEO is involved in personally has company involvement as well. That may be why McClendon, who has known Icahn for many years, is now eager to have a financial white knight come to the table.  Stay tuned.

Ethical Assessment: Conflicts of Interest abound like a mound of fire ants. F-.

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Another exciting week for corporate ethics watchers!

JPMorgan Chase competes with Facebook for the top financial news story of the week as the major bank’s exposure to losses from its London hedging unit has a strong probability of growing. While the news for Facebook is almost totally upbeat, the combination of troubles in Europe and losses at one of the most reputable of the biggest banks has been bad news for the stock market all week.

Here are the highlights on JPMorgan Chase:

  • Last weekend saw speculation that the entire London hedging unit would be closed down, and that the Chief Investment Officer, Ina Drew, would be asked to resign. There were also calls for Dimon to resign his position at the New York Fed.
  • On Monday, Ina Drew announced that she would retire from the bank.
  • On Tuesday, Jamie Dimon was facing his shareholders at their annual meeting in Tampa. Shareholders there defeated a proposal to separate the roles of Chairman and CEO, a proposal that would have meant the loss of one of those positions for Mr. Dimon.
  • On Wednesday, several shareholder lawsuits against the bank were announced. The suits were focused on the bank’s alleged failure to appraise shareholders of the level of risks being taken.
  • But the real news, reported early this morning in the Financial Times, is that JPMorgan Chase’s hedging unit may be sitting on a total exposure of $100 BILLION in risky trades, trades that it will be challenged to unwind. That provides the possibility of total losses multiple times larger than the $2 Billion that came to the CEO’s attention over a week ago.

Ethical assessment: As noted in prior posts the real issue here is fiduciary responsibility to shareholders and, due to the bank’s scale and role in the global economy, the investing public and the general public. The bank may not have broken any laws but the behavior of this particular part of the organization appears to not meet the professional ethical standards of any financial analyst, banker or licensed stockbroker. It does not meet the ethical standards of the communities (investing public, general public) that it serves.

In Brief

Chesapeake Energy – Corporate “raider” Carl Icahn was reported to be positioning himself for a move on the company. This may provide some temporary relief to Chesapeake’s employees’ retirement savings at the company which are estimated to be 38% invested in shares of the company. When are we going to stop using company shares as the basis for employee retirement programs? Isn’t it a principal of sound financial management to not put all of the eggs in the same basket?

News of the World – Rebekah Brooks, her husband and four others were charged in the UK phone hacking scandal. It also came out that, guess what, Ms. Brooks managed to cart off seven boxes of papers relevant to the case from her News of the World offices as the investigation was beginning last July. Hmmm. Hasn’t this been tried before?

Delete, shred, carry away. Rarely works in these high profile cases. Besides, if a physical document exits, there are multiple electronic versions out there all over the place. Yep, those electrons may be hard to see but they are also hard to destroy.

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JPMorgan Chase

The world of banking gave us more drama this week in the form of Jamie Dimon’s usually well-managed JPMorgan Chase. While it is not certain that wrong doing occurred, even Dimon admits the $ 2 BILLION trading loss in their London hedge fund unit was “eggregious,” “a mistake” and “almost inexecusable.”  Perhaps the “almost” applies to himself, Jamie Dimon, as reports this morning are that the entire unit may be out the door along with the unit’s leader. Political as well as financial fallout is already running high with the SEC announcing an investigation, voices of regulation speaking out on a return to the Glass Steagall days and Elizabeth Warren, consumer advocate and candidate for the US Senate, demanding that Dimon resign from his position on the New York Fed.

Ethical Assessment: It is not clear that the law was broken. On the other hand, this was not the bank’s money the bank was gambling with, as discussed in a prior post. And the size and scale of the bank involved (“too big to fail”) has implications beyond shareholders and depositors. Standards of financial and fiduciary responsibility have, in my opinion, been compromised.

In addition, the fact that Dimon sits on the New York Fed is reminiscent of Goldman Sach’s influence just prior to our last meltdown. For me there is a potential conflict of interest in having the CEO of a “too big to fail” international bank so closely involved with the Fed.

On the positive side I give Jamie Dimon credit for releasing this news as soon as he knew of it, admitting that a huge mistake had been made and taking swift action in holding his personnel accountable. All too often these things are left to drag out, no one loses their job immediately or ever and PR machines are cranked up to spin the story. Not so with Mr. Dimon.

Chesapeake Energy

Earlier in the week it was revealed that only days before the announcement that CEO Aubrey McClendon had borrowed about $ 1.1 Billion against his personal interests in Chesapeake well properties, he was busily arranging another $ 450 Million of similar loans. Not only that, but he was arranging these loans from the same investment management firm that was also putting together a $1.25 Billion loan for the company.

At the end of the week, Chesapeake announced that it had arranged a $ 3 Billion loan for the company itself.

While the company’s loan appears to be related to refinancing opportunities we as yet have no explanation as to McClendon’s need for such large loans. The fact that he has a hedge fund makes one curious as to whether there is some big unraveling going on in that operation and he may be borrowing to keep that afloat. Also Chesapeake shares had dropped from around 34 last August to the 25 area before all this news broke. Perhaps he had his company ownership leveraged too high. Either way it looks like a day of reckoning is coming for Mr. McClendon. Stay tuned.

In Brief

Avon, who is considering a possible merger with Coty, Inc., announced they are cooperating with an SEC probe into “suspicious” trading centering around the merger news.

Former News of the World executive and arrestee Rebekah Brooks was testifying again, but downplayed her relationship with David Cameron, the Prime Minister.

And finally, Tyco surfaced one more time as former CFO and still imprisoned felon Mark Swartz is now suing the company, claiming they owe him $60 Million in retirement benefits and something to do with his taxes. Would those be the taxes on all the money he stole?

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